Servicios de Respuesta a Desastres y Herramientas – Peru

Servicios de Respuesta a Desastres y Herramientas

Movilización de Recursos y Conocimientos

Cuando sobreviene una calamidad, una acción rápida y estratégica puede salvar innumerables vidas. La sección Servicios de respuesta ante catástrofes detalla los servicios especializados disponibles en el hemisferio occidental para hacer frente a diversas situaciones de catástrofe. Desde los equipos de respuesta rápida hasta las unidades de apoyo logístico, este segmento ofrece una visión global de las herramientas y los talentos de que disponemos colectivamente.

Juntos, mediante una coordinación estructurada y el poder de la información, estamos forjando una región resiliente.

Acuerdos bilaterales existentes para facilitar los esfuerzos bilaterales de respuesta ante desastres (sobrevuelos)

According to Supreme Decree No. 048-2011-PCM, which approves the regulation of Law No. 29664, “Law that creates the SINAGERD,” the Armed Forces are considered first response entities. In terms of transportation support, the following material is available:

Peruvian Army:
– Vehicles: 286 MAN.
– Aircraft: 05.
– Helicopters: 16.

Peruvian Navy:
– Vehicles: 38.
– Aircraft: 03.
– Helicopters: 01.
– Ships: 03.

Peruvian Air Force:
– Aircraft: 07.
– Helicopters: 08.

Información pública y un Sistema de Alerta Temprana implementado

Currently, the country does not yet have an implemented Early Warning System. However, I must inform you that INDECI has two projects in the process of implementation:

Peruvian Seismic Alert System (SASPe), led by the Peruvian Institute of Geophysics (IGP) and the National Institute of Civil Defense (INDECI).
Early Warning System for Tsunamis, which is currently being implemented by INDECI.

Both projects will benefit the following regions: Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Áncash, Lima, Ica, Arequipa, Moquegua, Tacna, and the Constitutional Province of Callao.

Additionally, the Authority for Reconstruction with Changes (ARCC) will begin the implementation of the Early Warning System project for floods and landslides in the main river basins of the country in the last quarter of this year. The first stage will cover the regions of Tumbes, Piura, and Ica, and it will subsequently be extended to the regions of Lambayeque, La Libertad, Áncash, and Lima.

Furthermore, there are currently 245 Early Warning Systems in place for various types of hazards in all 24 departments of Peru and the Constitutional Province of Callao. These include systems for floods (126), tsunamis (40), frost (14), landslides (11), mudslides (23), droughts (05), earthquakes (03), avalanches (05), volcanic activity (01), and multi-hazard systems (17).

Listado de herramientas climáticas del Sistema de Alerta Temprana utilizadas

They have the following tools and resources:

Climate indicators platform
Summary of the last 24 hours of meteorological monitoring
Report on forecasts for heavy rainfall
Climate forecast
National climate map
Protocol for issuing warnings, alerts, and alarms for heavy rainfall and associated hazards

INDECI is also in the process of approving the protocol for the use and operation of the Early Warning Messaging System (SISMATE) for the 2023-2024 rainy season, in the context of the potential occurrence of the El Niño phenomenon.

Additionally, they have a network of conventional stations with real-time data reception, conventional stations with delayed data reception, and automatic stations. The ARCC will implement meteorological radars and automatic stations (both meteorological and hydrological) as part of the Early Warning System for floods and landslides project.

Inteligencia y distribución de Información

The Emergency Operations Centers (COEs) are bodies that operate continuously to monitor hazards, emergencies, and disasters, as well as to manage and exchange information for timely decision-making. COEs at all levels constantly gather, collect, and share information about the development of emergencies, imminent disasters, or hazards. They provide processed information to the relevant authorities responsible for leading or monitoring emergencies, as well as to the COEs at their respective immediate levels to support decision-making by the appropriate authorities.

Mecanismo para identificar amenazas y peligros

The Defense Sector has two Technical Scientific Entities that are part of the National Early Warning Network along with INDECI:

The Space Agency – CONIDA is the governing body for space activities in Peru and the headquarters of the Peruvian Space Agency. CONIDA participates in the Early Warning System by providing satellite imagery.
The Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation (DIHIDRONAV), which belongs to the Peruvian Navy. Through the National Tsunami Alert Center, DIHIDRONAV’s mission is to investigate, analyze, and monitor seismic events of significant magnitude with epicenters in the sea or near the coast. The goal is to promptly inform the population of a potential tsunami occurrence through information bulletins, alerts, and alarms sent to the National Institute of Civil Defense (INDECI).

They have various prevention and risk reduction plans at the district, provincial, and regional levels, including:

Protocol for issuing warnings, alerts, and alarms for heavy rainfall and associated hazards, approved under Ministerial Resolution No. 049-2020-PCM.
The Updated Protocol of the National Earthquake and Tsunami Alert System (POSNAT). An Act of Conformity for POSNAT was signed on May 3, 2018, with the signatures of Hernando Tavera Huarache, Executive President of the Peruvian Institute of Geophysics (IGP), Brigadier General Jorge Chávez Cresta, Institutional Head of the National Institute of Civil Defense, and Rear Admiral Jorge Paz Acosta, Director of the Directorate of Hydrography and Navigation.
Operational Protocol of the Peruvian Seismic Alert System. An Act of Conformity for the Peruvian Seismic Alert System was signed on October 30, 2020, with the signatures of Hernando Tavera Huarache, Executive President of the Peruvian Institute of Geophysics (IGP), and Luis Alberto Carranza Micalay, Acting Institutional Head of the National Institute of Civil Defense.

Comunicaciones operacionales

The Sectoral Emergency Operations Center of the Ministry of Defense, through the Communications Module, manages the available communication channels by establishing functional networks, ensuring their operation and availability, and maintaining constant communication links with other entities within their scope of responsibility. To achieve this, the COEs must have various communication means, including landlines, mobile phones, satellite phones, and other forms of communication for transmitting information. They should also have alternate communication systems consisting of radios operating in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequency bands.

– IMPLEMENTED EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

The National Emergency Operations Center (COEN) monitors, validates, and provides official information about hazards, emergencies, and disasters for timely decision-making. It operates 24 hours a day throughout the year and coordinates nationally with regional, local, and sectoral emergency operations centers.

The products generated by the National Emergency Operations Center include:

Emergency reports
Supplementary reports
Preliminary reports
Press releases

Planes/herramientas para la continuidad de las actividades comerciales/económicas (todos los sectores)

The Ministry of Defense has several emergency and contingency plans:

1. NATIONAL EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN – PNOE: Regulated by Ministerial Resolution No. 237-2022-PCM.

2. PLAN FOR CONTINGENCY AGAINST HEAVY RAINFALL: Regulated by Ministerial Resolution No. 322-2018-PCM.

3. PLAN FOR CONTINGENCY AGAINST LOW TEMPERATURES: Regulated by Ministerial Resolution No. 131-2020-PCM.

4. NATIONAL CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR A MAJOR EARTHQUAKE FOLLOWED BY A TSUNAMI OFF THE CENTRAL COAST OF PERU: Regulated by Ministerial Resolution No. 187-2019-PCM.

In addition to these national plans, the Ministry of Defense also has the following contingency plans:

Contingency Plan for Heavy Rainfall (Ministerial Resolution No. 527-2020-DE)
Contingency Plan for a Major Earthquake Followed by a Tsunami (Ministerial Resolution No. 528-2020-DE)
Contingency Plan for Low Temperatures (Ministerial Resolution No. 414-2022-DE)

The Ministry of Defense has other plans related to disaster risk reduction, preparation, emergency operations, continuity of operations, and prevention:

– Preparation Plan for the Defense Sector (Ministerial Resolution No. 396-2021-DE)
– Emergency Operations Plan for the Defense Sector (Ministerial Resolution No. 391-2022-DE)
– Business Continuity Plan (Ministerial Resolution No. 415-2022-DE)
– Disaster Risk Reduction Plan (Ministerial Resolution No. 707-2022-DE)

Resiliencia Comunitaria (CERT) en todas las áreas/aldeas/pueblos/ciudades/distritos

Community Education Plan on Reactive Management – 2022-2025, approved under Chief’s Resolution No. D000037-2022-INDECI-JEF INDECI.

Mecanismo de Evaluación de Riesgo y Resiliencia ante Desastres

The Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis – Peru (EDAN PERÚ) is a technical instrument that, through a data collection and processing procedure, allows for the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the damage suffered by a community, district, province, or region in the event of a natural or human-induced disaster. It also helps determine the needs of the affected and affected population. It’s worth noting that in 2018, the new “Manual for Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis – EDAN PERÚ” was approved under Ministerial Resolution No. 171-2018-PCM.

Planes de Reducción de Vulnerabilidad a largo plazo

The Ministry of Defense has the following plan: Disaster Risk Prevention and Reduction Plan R.M. 707-2022-DE.

Mecanismos disponibles para compartir lecciones aprendidas.

Spaces for discussions on lessons learned occur during sessions with the Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Working Group within the sector or with the Technical Team in order to adjust DRM-related plans and documents.

Esfuerzos de colaboración/contribuciones históricas con otros países y agencias/instituciones, después de un desastre

• Andean Development Corporation (CAF): To address the effects of the earthquake on 28.11.2021 in the departments of Amazonas, Cajamarca, Loreto, and San Martin in the Republic of Peru. Agreement Letter PER 0011/2022. CAF: 19-01-2022. INDECI: 26-01-2022. RJ: N° D000017-2022-INDECI-JEF.

• Inter-American Development Bank (IDB): To address the emergency caused by an earthquake in certain districts of the departments of Amazonas, Cajamarca, Loreto, and San Martin. Agreement Letter ATN/OC-19119-PE. INDECI: 17-01-2022. RJ N° D000018-2022-INDECI-JEF.

• Andean Development Corporation (CAF): To address the emergency due to an ecological disaster on the coast of Peru. Agreement Letter PER 0125. CAF: 31-05-2022; MRE: 7 de junio de 2022; INDECI: 01 de junio de 2022. RJ N° D000086-2022-INDECI-JEF.

• Inter-American Development Bank (IDB): To address the immediate needs of families affected by heavy rains in the department of Cajamarca. Agreement Letter ATN/OC-19213-PE. INDECI: 20-05-2022. RJ N° D000074-2022-INDECI-JEF.

• Inter-American Development Bank (IDB): To address the immediate needs of families affected by Cyclone Yaku in the departments of Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junín, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Moquegua, Piura, Puno, and Tacna. Agreement Letter ATN/OC-19917-PE. INDECI: 24.03.2023. RJ: N°D000073-2023-INDECI-JEF.

• General Counterpart Fund Peru-Japan: To assist the population affected by heavy rainfall in the regions of Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, and La Libertad. DS Nº043-2023-PCM. DS Nº059-2023-PCM. DS Nº065-2023-PCM. Letter N° 0203-2023-FGCPJ/SE dated 20 April / JEFATURAL-000207-2023-JEF INDECI. Letter N°0212-2023-FGCPJ/SE dated 12 May / RJ-000176-2023-JEF INDECI.

• Embassy of the Kingdom of Belgium: Intended for the assistance of the affected and displaced population in various districts in the provinces of the departments of Áncash, Cajamarca, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Piura, and Tumbes, among others, due to heavy rainfall. Letter N°115 dated 18 April 2023. RJ- 000176-2023-JEF INDECI.

• Andean Development Corporation (CAF): Contribution to support response and rehabilitation actions implemented by the Peruvian government to execute immediate and necessary measures to meet the needs of the population affected by Cyclone Yaku in various areas of Peru, with resources from Non-Reimbursable Technical Cooperation. Agreement Letter PER 0104/2023. CAF: 23. 05.2023; INDECI: 31.05.2023. RJ N° 000195-INDECI/JEF, dated 12 July 2023.

• Embassy of the United Arab Emirates: Offer to assist the Peruvian population affected by rainfall resulting from Cyclone Yaku and El Niño, intended for the care of the affected and displaced population due to heavy rainfall.

• Embassy of the People’s Republic of China: Offer to assist the Peruvian population affected by rainfall resulting from Cyclone Yaku and El Niño, to purchase humanitarian aid goods on behalf of INDECI, intended for the care of the affected and displaced population in various districts of some provinces in the departments of Ancash, Cajamarca, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Piura, and Tumbes, among others, due to heavy rainfall.BR5

Indique las estructuras nacionales disponibles en caso de un desastre

The Armed Forces, as first response elements, adopt a temporary organization in order to act in an organized manner, as follows:

The Command for Immediate Action in Disasters (COAID) is a temporary organization for disaster risk management and preparedness. It is composed of four companies.

The Companies for Rapid Response to Disasters consist of four Light-Level Rapid Response Brigades for Disasters, each consisting of 30 brigade members, for a total of 120 individuals. These brigades are fully equipped, organized, trained, and have specialized equipment that enables them to participate in first response and complementary response efforts.

The Companies for Mechanical Engineering Equipment are composed of personnel, mechanical equipment, and vehicles from the Army of Peru’s Engineering Battalions.

The Transportation Companies are composed of personnel and vehicles from the Transport Units of the Armed Institutions.

The Medical Companies are composed of personnel and medical equipment from the Medical Units of the Armed Institutions.

sitio web gubernamental disponible respecto a desastres

The National Information System for Response and Rehabilitation (SINPAD) is composed of a set of information services aimed at registering, maintaining, consulting, and using information related to Response and Rehabilitation in its entirety. This information is accessible to all institutions, whether public or private, as well as to the general public.

The Emergency and Hazard Registry allows the national-level recording of information related to damage and needs assessment, humanitarian assistance, coordination actions carried out by local authorities, and more. This information is input by authorized users from Regional or Local Emergency Operations Centers. You can access it through the following link: [SINPAD](http://sinpad2.indeci.gob.pe/sinpad2/faces/public/portal.html)

Additionally, you can access various reports, such as emergency reports, infographics of emergencies, informational bulletins, reports on imminent hazards, preliminary reports, and other related reports through the following link: [INDECI Reports](https://portal.indeci.gob.pe/informe/reportes-preliminares-complementarios-emergencias/)