Country Profile – Peru

Country Profile: Peru

Connecting country profiles with data that drives disaster readiness

This section brings together key demographic, geographic, economic, and natural risk indicators that shape the nation’s exposure and vulnerability. These elements paint a comprehensive picture of the country’s baseline conditions, supporting informed decision-making, strategic planning, and targeted action to strengthen resilience across the region.

General Information

Total population (inhabitants): 32,600,249 (2024 est.) (16,647,693 Female and 15,952,556 Male
Human Development Index (HDI): 0.794 (79 out of 193 countries)
Basic geography: Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador. With a total area of 1,285,216 sq km and 2,414 km of coastline. The terrain is a western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva) (Highest point: 6,746 m and mean elevation: 1,555 m).

Economic Overview

Real GDP growth (Annual percent change): 2.9 (2025)
GDP and GDP per capita current prices (U.S. dollars): 381.48 billion and 9.26 thousand (2025)
GDP – composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 6.1%, industry: 32.2% and services: 52.7% (2024 est.)
Key indicators of economic vulnerability
- General government gross debt (% of GDP 2025): 32.1

*Figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Risks and Disasters

Natural Disaster History (1980-2024)

Type of disaster	Total Disasters (#)	Total Deaths (Persons)	Total Affected (Persons)	Total Damages (000 USD, Adjusted for Inflation)	Internal Displacements (2008-2024)
Drought	6	0	3,941,500	1,091,231	23
Earthquake	36	1,114	1,340,840	1,484,579	31k
Epidemic	14	10,889	493,304	0
Extreme temperature	12	2,020	5,392,620	120,843	6k
Flood	68	2,002	6,225,893	4,451,485	820k
Infestation	1	0	0	0
Mass movement (dry)	1	0	0	0	5.1k
Mass movement (wet)	30	2,031	787,959	3,033,790	13k
Storm	5	601	712,561	727,779	45k
Volcanic activity	5	2	38,040	0	1.6k
Wildfire	3	14	2,885	0	5.3k
Total	181	18,673	18,935,602	10,909,707	928k

International Risk Indexes – LAC INFORM RISK

The Index for Risk Management (INFORM) for the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region uses a scale of 0–10 to represent the level of risk, where 0 represents the lowest and 10 represents the highest. The Natural column shows the overall index related to natural hazards.

To access an indicator at the global level, please consult this page: INFORM Risk

Earthquake and tsunami
9.9

Flood
8.1

Tropical cyclone
0

Eco-Damage and drought
5.7

Epidemics
7

Natural
7.2

References

Central Intelligence Agency. (2025). The World Factbook: Countries. The World Factbook. [LINK]

International Monetary Fund. (2025). DataMapper profile. International Monetary Fund. [LINK]

International Monetary Fund. (2025). Gross general government debt data by country. International Monetary Fund. [LINK]

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. (2024). Displacement Data. IDMC. [LINK]

Joint Research Centre (JRC) — European Commission. (2020). INFORM Subnational Risk: Latin America and Caribbean. INFORM Index. [LINK]

United Nations Development Programme. (2025). Country insights. Human Development Reports. [LINK]

World Bank. (2024). Explore. Climate Change Knowledge Portal. [LINK]

Additional Information

Last Updated: November 2025

Created by: Azucena Ceniceros Gutiérrez