Country Profile – Ecuador

Country Profile: Ecuador

Connecting country profiles with data that drives disaster readiness

This section brings together key demographic, geographic, economic, and natural risk indicators that shape the nation’s exposure and vulnerability. These elements paint a comprehensive picture of the country’s baseline conditions, supporting informed decision-making, strategic planning, and targeted action to strengthen resilience across the region.

General Information

Total population (inhabitants): 18,309,984 (2024 est.) (9,286,814 Female and 9,023,170 Male)
Human Development Index (HDI): 0.777 (88 out of 193 countries)
Basic geography: Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru. With a total area of 283,561 sq km and 2,237 km of coastline. The terrain is coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente) (Highest point: 6,267 m and mean elevation: 1,117 m).

Economic Overview

Real GDP growth (Annual percent change): 3.2 (2025)
GDP and GDP per capita current prices (U.S. dollars): 130.53 billion and 7.21 thousand (2025)
GDP – composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: 9.25%, industry: 26.5% and services: 57.2% (2024 est.)*
Key indicators of economic vulnerability
- General government gross debt (% of GDP 2025): No Available Information

*Figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Risks and Disasters

Natural Disaster History (1980-2024)

Type of disaster	Total Disasters (#)	Total Deaths (Persons)	Total Affected (Persons)	Total Damages (000 USD, Adjusted for Inflation)	Internal Displacements (2008-2024)
Drought	3	0	144,665	2,414
Earthquake	15	5,735	715,225	6,575,168	281,000
Epidemic	10	579	129,828	0
Flood	36	988	2,023,394	3,047,030	72,000
Mass movement (dry)	1	60	0	0	760
Mass movement (wet)	13	831	93,818	1,054,635	3,400
Volcanic activity	12	5	1,606,416	245,608	1,400
Wildfire	3	5	2,745	0	1,500
Total	93	8,203	4,716,091	10,924,855	360,060

International Risk Indexes – LAC INFORM RISK

The Index for Risk Management (INFORM) for the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region uses a scale of 0–10 to represent the level of risk, where 0 represents the lowest and 10 represents the highest. The Natural column shows the overall index related to natural hazards.

To access an indicator at the global level, please consult this page: INFORM Risk

Earthquake and tsunami
9.8

Flood
9.2

Tropical cyclone
0

Eco-Damage and drought
5.6

Epidemics
6.2

Natural
7.3

References

Central Intelligence Agency. (2025). The World Factbook: Countries. The World Factbook. [LINK]

International Monetary Fund. (2025). DataMapper profile. International Monetary Fund. [LINK]

International Monetary Fund. (2025). Gross general government debt data by country. International Monetary Fund. [LINK]

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. (2024). Displacement Data. IDMC. [LINK]

Joint Research Centre (JRC) — European Commission. (2020). INFORM Subnational Risk: Latin America and Caribbean. INFORM Index. [LINK]

United Nations Development Programme. (2025). Country insights. Human Development Reports. [LINK]

World Bank. (2024). Explore. Climate Change Knowledge Portal. [LINK]

Additional Information

Last Updated: November 2025

Created by: Azucena Ceniceros Gutiérrez